Scarborough Shoal Ang Laban ng Pilipinas sa Karapatan ng Karagatan

) located betwe Macclesfield Bank to the west and Luzon to the east. Luzon is 220 kilometres (119 nmi) away and the nearest landmass.

The atoll is a disputed territory claimed by the Republic of the Philippines through the 1734 Velarde map, while the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan) claim it through the disputed

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). The atoll's status is oft discussed in conjunction with other territorial disputes in the South China Sea such as those involving the Spratly Islands, and the 2012 Scarborough Shoal standoff. It was administered by the Philippines as part of its Zambales province, until 2012, wh a standoff was initiated by China through the use of warships against fishing boats, resulting in effective capture by the Chinese maritime forces.

Estratehiyang Us 21st Century Defense Sa Asia Pacific Us,'lis D'yan! At Standoff Ng Pilipinas At China Sa Scarborough Shoal Standoff Ng Pilipinas At China Sa Scarborough Shoal

In 2013, the Philippines solely filed an international case against China in the arbitration court in The Hague, Netherlands. In 2016, the court declared that China's so-called nine-dash line claim in the tire South China Sea was invalid,

While a multitude of nations backed the Tribunal's ruling including the claimants to the area such as Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam.

The atoll was named by Captain Philip D'Auvergne, whose East India Company East Indiaman Scarborough grounded on one of the rocks on 12 September 1784, before sailing on to China,

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Scarborough Shoal forms a triangle-shaped chain of reefs and rocks with a perimeter of 46 km (29 mi). It covers an area of 150 km

(58 sq mi), including an inner lagoon. The atolls' highest point, South Rock, is 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) above sea-level at high tide. Located north of South Rock is a channel, approximately 370 m (1, 214 ft) wide and 9–11 m (30–36 ft) deep, leading into the lagoon. Several other coral rocks circle the lagoon, forming a large atoll.

The atoll is about 198 km (123 mi) west of Subic Bay. The 5, 000–6, 000 m (16, 000–20, 000 ft) deep Manila Trch lies betwe the atoll and the Philippine island of Luzon to the east. The nearest point of land is in Palauig, Zambales on Luzon island, 220 km (119 nmi) due east.

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The 1734 Velarde map shows supposed Spanish Philippine control over Scarborough Shoal, as well as islands off of Palawan, idtified as the Spratly Islands. The map was one of the key evidces in the Philippines v. China PCA case against China's so-called nine-dash line claims.

A number of countries have made historic claims of the use of Scarborough Shoal. China has stated that a 1279 Yuan dynasty map and subsequt surveys by the royal astronomer Guo Shoujing carried out during Kublai Khan's reign established that Scarborough Shoal were used since the thirteth ctury by Chinese fisherm.

In an article from 18 February 1980, the Beijing Review stated that Guo Shoujing built an observatory in the Paracel Islands, not Scarborough Shoal.

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During the Spanish period of the Philippines, a 1734 map was made, which named Scarborough Shoals as Panacot, a feature under complete sovereignty of Spanish Philippines.

The atolls' currt name was chos by Captain Philip D'Auvergne, whose East India Company East Indiaman Scarborough briefly grounded on one of the rocks on 12 September 1784, before sailing on to China.

Wh China built their facilities on Mischief Reef within the Philippine EEZ in 1995, th National Security Advisor Jose T. Almonte pushed for the establishmt of a lighthouse on Scarborough Shoal to bolster the Philippine claim. The parts of the lighthouse had be fabricated on the mainland Philippines but, according to Almontre, the project was scuttled for internal political reasons and to avoid antagonizing the Chinese.

Scarborough Shoal |

The 2012 Scarborough Shoal standoff betwe China and the Philippines led to a situation where access to the atoll was restricted by the People's Republic of China.

The expected intervtion of the United States to protect its ally through an existing mutual defce treaty did not commce after the United States indirectly stated that it does not recognise any nation's sovereignty over Scarborough Shoal, leading to strained ties betwe the Philippines and the United States.

In January 2013, the Philippines formally initiated arbitration proceedings against China's claim on the territories within the nine-dash line that includes Spratly Islands and Scarborough Shoal, which it said is unlawful under the United Nations Convtion on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).

Tanong At Sagot Tungkol Sa Pananakop Ng Tsina Sa Bajo De Masinloc/scarborough Shoal

An arbitration tribunal was constituted under Annex VII of UNCLOS and it was decided in July 2013 that the Permant Court of Arbitration (PCA) would function as registry and provide administrative duties in the proceedings.

On 12 July 2016, the arbitrators of the tribunal of PCA ruled in favor of the Philippines on most of her submissions.. They concluded in the decision that there was no evidce that China had historically exercised exclusive control over the waters or resources, hce there was no legal basis for China to claim historic rights over the nine-dash line.

The tribunal also criticised China's land reclamation projects and its construction of artificial islands in the Spratly Islands, saying that it had caused severe harm to the coral reef vironmt.

Pilipinas May Karapatang Mag Alis Ng Floating Barrier Ng China Sa Scarborough Shoal

It also characterised Taiping Island and other features of the Spratly Islands as rocks under UNCLOS, and therefore are not titled to a 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone.

In late 2016, following meetings betwe the Philippine presidt Duterte and his PRC counterparts, the PRC verbally allowed Filipino fisherm to access the atoll for fishing, sparking criticism as allowing would mean China is implying that it owns the territory.

In January 2018, it was revealed that for every 3, 000 pesos' worth of fish catch by Filipino fisherfolk, China took them in exchange for two bottles of mineral water worth 20 pesos.

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On 14 June 2018, China's destruction of Scarborough Shoal's reefs surged to an extt which they became visible via satellites, as confirmed by the University of the Philippines Diliman.

A March 2016 article by the CSIS Asia Maritime transparcy Initiative said that satellite imagery had shown no signs of any land reclamation, dredging or construction activities in Scarborough shoal and the only vessels prest were a Chinese civilian ship anchored within the mouth of the lagoon, which has be typical for several years, and two Filipino trimaran-type fishing ships outside the shoal.

However, according to the th U.S. chief of naval operations Admiral John Richardson that did not mean that Chinese ships had not performed surveys in preparation for reclamation.

Which Nation Has The Better Legal Claim To Scarborough Shoal?

In September 2016 during the ASEAN summit, the Philippine governmt produced photos that it said showed fresh PRC construction activity at the atoll. A US administration official questioned the Philippines' claim, saying the United States had not detected any unusual activity at Scarborough Shoal.

Also in September 2016, the New York Times reported that PRC activities at the Shoal continued in the form of naval patrols and hydrographic surveys.

In March 2017 the mayor of Sansha City said China was to begin preparatory work for an vironmtal monitoring station on Scarborough Shoal.

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In March 2017 U.S. Sators Marco Rubio and B Cardin introduced the South China Sea and East China Sea Sanctions Act which would impose sanctions for Chinese tities and people helping to build South and East China Sea projects.

In June 2019 the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) spotted a Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy warship, alongside two China Coast Guard vessels, and two Chinese maritime militia vessels near the shoal.

In September 2019, Antonio Carpio, a former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, said that China would try to reclaim the Scarborough Shoal within Philippine Presidt Rodrigo Duterte's term before it signs the Asean-China Code of Conduct because Duterte had said that Beijing could not be stopped from building because it was too powerful.

Mga Mangingisdang Pinoy May Karapatan Sa Scarborough Shoal: Bfar

Academic Jay Batongbacal said that the visiting forces agreemt betwe the Philippines and the United States deterred the transformation of Scarborough Shoal by the PRC into an artificial island, saying, Scarborough Shoal is the only piece left in the puzzle that they're trying to build. They can now completely exclude other countries from the South China Sea militarily if they're able to put into place all of these military bases.

On September 26, 2023, the PCG announced that they conducted an operation to remove the floating barrier installed by CCG officers near the shoal in the southeast.

Map depicting the ROC and PRC's territorial claims in South China Sea, with Scarborough Shoal depicted within the nine-dash line of 1947.

Philippines V. China

The People's Republic of China and Taiwan (Republic of China) claim that Chinese people discovered the atoll cturies ago and that there is a long history of Chinese fishing activity in the area. The atoll lies within the nine-dash line drawn by China on maps marking its claim to islands and relevant waters consistt with United Nations Convtion on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) within the South China Sea.

An article published in May 2012 in the PLA Daily states that Chinese astronomer Guo Shoujing wt to the island in 1279, under the Yuan dynasty, as part of an empire-wide survey called Measuremt of the Four Seas (四海測驗).

In 1979 historical geographer Han Zhhua (韩振华) was among the first scholars to claim that the point called Nanhai (literally, South Sea) in that astronomical survey referred to Scarborough Shoal.

Philippines, China: Scarborough Shoal Dispute Goes Online · Global Voices

In 1980 during a conflict with Vietnam for sovereignty over