Miriam Defensor Saloobin at Pahayag ng Isang Magiting na Lingkod-Bayan
In this Philippine name for married wom, the birth middle name or maternal family name is Palma, the birth surname or paternal family name is Defsor, and the marital name is Santiago.
Miriam Palma Defsor-Santiago GCS QSC (n̩e Defsor; June 15, 1945 РSeptember 29, 2016) was a Filipino scholar, academic, lawyer, judge, author, and stateswoman who served in all three branches of the Philippine governmt: judicial, executive, and legislative. Defsor Santiago was named one of The 100 Most Powerful Wom in the World in 1997 by The Australian.
She was known for being a long-serving Sator of the Republic of the Philippines, an elected judge of the International Criminal Court, and the sole female recipit of the Philippines' highest national honor, the Quezon Service Cross.
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In 1988, Defsor Santiago was named laureate of the Ramon Magsaysay Award for governmt service, with a citation for bold and moral leadership in cleaning up a graft-ridd governmt agcy.
After being appointed by Presidt Corazon Aquino as Secretary of Agrarian Reform from 1989 to 1990, she ran in the 1992 presidtial election but was controversially defeated in evts that involved a car crash injury and power outages during voting process.
Defsor Santiago would th serve three terms in the Philippine Sate, where she was known for supporting progressive laws, and authored or campaigned anti-corruption bills.
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In 2012, Defsor Santiago became the first Filipina and the first Asian from a developing country to be elected a judge of the International Criminal Court.
On October 13, 2015, Defsor Santiago controversially declared her third candidacy for Presidt of the Philippines in the 2016 election after her doctors from the United States declared her cancer stable and receded, but lost the election due to public concern for her health. In April 2016, her last appointed post was part of the International Developmt Law Organization Advisory Council (IDLO), an intergovernmtal body that promotes the rule of law.
She died from complications from her cancer on September 29, 2016, and was buried days later at Loyola Memorial Park in Marikina. In December 2018, the prestigious Quezon Service Cross was posthumously conferred upon Defsor Santiago, making her the first woman and, so far, only Visayan and the sixth person ever to be throned in the country's highest roster.
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Defsor Santiago was known as the Dragon Lady, the Platinum Lady, the Incorruptible Lady, the Impregnable Lady, Feisty Sator, The Doctor of All Laws, the Omniscit Woman and most popularly, the Iron Lady of Asia. She is colloquially known in Philippine pop culture as simply Miriam or MDS,
Defsor Santiago was born Miriam Palma Defsor in Iloilo City, to Bjamin Defsor, a local judge, and Dimpna Palma, a college dean. She was the eldest of sev childr. She graduated valedictorian in grade school, high school, undergraduate school.
She graduated high school in Iloilo Provincial High School (now Iloilo National High School) and served as the Editor-in-Chief (EIC) of the said high school's studt publication The Ilonggo. In 1965, Defsor Santiago graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political scice, magna cum laude from the University of the Philippines Visayas. After graduation, she was elected to the Pi Gamma Mu and Phi Kappa Phi honor societies.
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Defsor Santiago wt on a fellowship to the United States, and earned the Master of Laws and Doctor of Juridical Scice degrees at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. She finished both degrees in a period of only one and a half years.
Following school, she took a position as special assistant to the Secretary of Justice. She also taught political scice at the Trinity University of Asia. She was law professor at the University of the Philippines Diliman, teaching eving classes for some t years.
She has studied at several universities, including Oxford and Harvard law summer schools; Cambridge; and The Hague Academy of International Law. She earned the degree Master of Religious Studies (without thesis) at the Maryhill School of Theology.
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Defsor Santiago served as Legal Officer of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees at Geva, Switzerland. She was assigned to the Conferces and Treaties Section. She became skilled at treaty negotiation and drafting. She resigned her position wh her father in the Philippines developed prostate cancer.
Defsor Santiago was appointed judge of the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Quezon City, Metro Manila by Presidt Ferdinand Marcos. She was the youngest judge appointed to Metro Manila, and exempted from the practice of first serving as a judge outside Metro Manila.
As a RTC judge, she quickly implemt a no postponemt policy. At that time, cases were tried in segmts that were usually a month apart, resulting in trials that took years to finish. Lawyers were prone to seek postponemt of trial. As a result, trial judges scheduled t or fifte cases a day, so that they could make up for cases postponed. Defsor Santiago scheduled only five cases a day, heard each case, and disposed of the highest number of cases in her first year in office.
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Defsor Santiago became nationally famous wh she issued perhaps the first decision to rule against martial law. At that time, alleged illegal public assemblies were declared as crimes and were punishable by death.
A large group of activist studts from the University of the Philippines and Ateo, as well as activists in the film industry, staged a rally in a ctral business district, and dounced the First Lady for her excesses. To retaliate, Marcos issued a Prevtive Dettion Action order which authorized the military to hold suspects indefinitely without bail. The studts faced the dire prospect of missing their final exams and, for many of them, missing graduation. Defsor Santiago suspded hearings on all other pding cases, and conducted whole-day trials. In the d, she ordered the military to allow the studts to post bail. After promulgating her decision at the d of the day, Defsor Santiago drove herself to the state university, where she was teaching law. The Philippine Jaycees, the Philippine Lions, and the YMCA Philippines all gave her awards for judicial excellce.
At that time, the BID was one of the most corrupt governmt agcies in Southeast Asia. Defsor Santiago declared the Philippines as the fake passport capital of the world, and directed raids against criminal syndicates, including the Yakuza. She filled the CID dettion cter with ali criminals, and ordered construction of another dettion cter. She extded to legal alis protection from widespread extortion by requesting Presidt Aquino to issue an executive order that authorized the ali legalization program.
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A member of the House of Represtatives, Laguna Rep. Nereo Joaquin, delivered a privilege speech in 1992 and dounced her raids against pedophile communities in Ctral Luzon run by ali pedophiles. Defsor Santiago responded by calling him fungus face.
The Rockefeller Foundation named her a laureate of the Magsaysay Award for governmt service – for bold and moral leadership in cleaning up a graft-ridd governmt agcy.
Under a controversial law passed by Congress and signed by Presidt Aquino, all agricultural landholdings were tak by the governmt and divided among the farmers. Each landowner was allowed to keep only five hectares, and each farmer received three hectares. Paymt was in bonds of the Land Bank. To subvert the law, big landowners applied for conversion of the classification of their land as agricultural, to classification as commercial, residtial, or industrial. The process became the widespread conversion scandal of agrarian reform. The DAR officials themselves were the biggest culprits, because they sold conversion permits for bribes on a market rate set at certain amounts per hectare involved in the conversion. Defsor Santiago stopped the conversion scandal, and appeased the landowners by hancing the inctives for voluntary offers by the landowners for the sale of their landholdings, which titled them to an additional five perct cash paymt. Wh asked if the hacida belonging to the presidt's family should be covered by agrarian reform, Defsor Santiago replied that the family's hacida should be distributed among the farmers. Shortly thereafter Presidt Aquino accepted Defsor Santiago's resignation.
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She later organized the People's Reform Party (PRP) and ran with a satorial ticket during the 1992 presidtial campaign. Ramon Magsaysay Jr. was her running mate. While campaigning on April 28, 1991, she was severely injured in car crash,
She was wearing a white bush jacket which became splattered with blood that gushed from a wound to her head. On orders of Presidt Aquino, she was airlifted from Tarlac to a Manila hospital. She underwt surgery on the jaw, and at one point a Catholic priest administered the last rites of the dying. Two months later, she was back on the campaign trail.
Defsor Santiago has be dubbed as The Iron Lady of Asia and the Dragon Lady due to her scathing but bold eloquce both in leadership and writing. She cites physicist Marie Curie and former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher as her major influces throughout her political career, with Thatcher praising her for her book Cutting Edge during their meeting while the Prime Minister visited the Philippines.
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Following a string of power outages, the tabulation concluded, and Ramos was declared presidt-elect. Defsor Santiago filed a protest before the
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